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Intellivision Game & Watch ColecoVision Atari 2600 Atari 8-bit Computers Famicom/NES TI-99/4a IBM PC Booter Commodore 64 & VIC-20 MSX ZX Spectrum Amstrad CPC Famicom Disk System Atari 7800 Game Boy Advance e-Reader Retail Wii Virtual Console (regular) Virtual Console (Original Edition) Promotion TRS-80 CoCo Nintendo 3DS Virtual Console (regular) Virtual Console (Original Edition) Promotion Purchase Wii U Virtual Console }} |genre=Platformer |modes=Single-player, multiplayer |cabinet=Upright, mini, and cocktail |arcade system=Radar Scope |cpu=Main: Z80 @ 3.072 MHz Sound: i8035 @ 400 kHz |sound=DAC @ 400 kHz, Samples @ 400 kHz |display=Raster monitor (vertical), 224×256 resolution, 256 out of 768 colors }} is an arcade game released by Nintendo in 1981. It is an early example of the platform game genre, as the gameplay focuses on maneuvering the main character across a series of platforms while dodging and jumping over obstacles. In the game, Mario (originally named Mr. Video but then changed to "Jumpman") must rescue a damsel in distress named Pauline (originally named Lady), from a giant ape named Donkey Kong. The hero and ape later became two of Nintendo's most popular and recognizable characters. ''Donkey Kong'' is one of the most important titles from the Golden Age of Video Arcade Games, and is one of the most popular arcade games of all time. The game was the latest in a series of efforts by Nintendo to break into the North American market. Hiroshi Yamauchi, Nintendo's president at the time, assigned the project to a first-time video game designer named Shigeru Miyamoto. Drawing from a wide range of inspirations, including ''Popeye'', ''Beauty and the Beast'' and ''King Kong'', Miyamoto developed the scenario and designed the game alongside Nintendo's chief engineer, Gunpei Yokoi. The two men broke new ground by using graphics as a means of characterization, including cutscenes to advance the game's plot, and integrating multiple stages into the gameplay. Regardless of initial doubts by Nintendo's American staff, ''Donkey Kong'' succeeded commercially and critically in North America and Japan. Nintendo licensed the game to Coleco, who developed home console versions for numerous platforms. Other companies cloned Nintendo's hit and avoided royalties altogether. Miyamoto's characters appeared on cereal boxes, television cartoons, and dozens of other places. A lawsuit brought on by Universal City Studios, alleging ''Donkey Kong'' violated their trademark of ''King Kong'', ultimately failed. The success of ''Donkey Kong'' and Nintendo's victory in the courtroom helped to position the company for video game market dominance from its release in 1981 until the late 1990s (1996–1999). ==Gameplay== Following 1980's ''Space Panic'', ''Donkey Kong'' is one of the earliest examples of the platform game genre〔 even prior to the term being coined; the US gaming press used ''climbing game'' for titles with platforms and ladders. As the first platform game to feature jumping, ''Donkey Kong'' requires the player to jump between gaps and over obstacles or approaching enemies, setting the template for the future of the platform genre. With its four unique stages, ''Donkey Kong'' was the most complex arcade game at the time of its release, and one of the first arcade games to feature multiple stages, following 1980's ''Phoenix'' and 1981's ''Gorf'' and ''Scramble''〔 Competitive video gamers and referees stress the game's high level of difficulty compared to other classic arcade games. Winning the game requires patience and the ability to accurately time Mario's ascent.〔 In addition to presenting the goal of saving Pauline, the game also gives the player a score. Points are awarded for the following: finishing each stage; leaping over obstacles; destroying objects with a hammer power-up; collecting items such as hats, parasols, and purses (apparently belonging to Pauline); and completing other tasks. The player typically receives three lives with a bonus awarded for the first 7,000 points, although this can be modified via the game's built in DIP switches. The game is divided into four different single-screen stages. Each represents 25 meters of the structure Donkey Kong has climbed, one stage being 25 meters higher than the previous. The final stage occurs at 100 meters. Stage one involves Mario scaling a construction site made of crooked girders and ladders while jumping over or hammering barrels and oil barrels tossed by Donkey Kong. Stage two involves climbing a five-story structure of conveyor belts, each of which transports cement pans. The third stage involves the player riding elevators while avoiding bouncing springs. The final stage involves Mario removing eight rivets which support Donkey Kong. Removing the final rivet causes Donkey Kong to fall and the hero to be reunited with Pauline.〔 These four stages combine to form a level. Upon completion of the fourth stage, the level then increments, and the game repeats the stages with progressive difficulty. For example, Donkey Kong begins to hurl barrels faster and sometimes diagonally, and fireballs get speedier. The victory music alternates between levels 1 and 2. The 22nd level is colloquially known as the kill screen, due to an error in the game's programming that kills Mario after a few seconds, effectively ending the game.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Donkey Kong (video game)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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